GLOSSARY

Active Road B A road that can be either temporary or permanent that allows vehicle movement in and out of forestland.

Bedding B A site preparation method in which special disking equipment is used to concentrate surface soil and forest litter into a ridge, or bed elevated above the normal forest floor on which seedlings are to be planted.

Best Management Practices (BMPs) B A practice, or combination of practices, determined to be an effective, and practical means of controlling the amount of water pollution generated by nonpoint sources.

Braided Streams B Stream systems with multiple and frequently interconnected channels. Generally these streams have a very low gradient (<0.5% channel slope), broad valleys, and well-defined floodplains. Occasionally similar multiple channel streams can be found in higher areas with higher gradients.

Broad-based Dip B A forest road surface drainage design for active roadways. Directs rainfall runoff from road surfaces, and at the same time allows normal vehicle movement over roads.

Buck B To saw felled trees into predetermined lengths.

Channel B A well defined, measurable area, either natural or man made which collects and conveys water.

Chopping B A form of site preparation in which a large, heavy cylindrical drum with cutting blades mounted parallel to its= axis is drawn across a site to break up, slash, or crush vegetation prior to (usually) burning and planting.

Contour B An imaginary line along the side of a slope that connects points of the same elevation.

Culvert B A conduit or pipe through which surface water can flow under roads.

Cut B A location on the surface from which earth has been removed by excavation.

Disking B A form of site preparation in which a plow having one or more heavy, round, concave, sharpened, freely rotating steel disks angled to cut and turn a furrow is drawn across a site prior to (usually) planting.

Diversion Ditch B A shallow channel, which had been cut across the top of a slope, or the side of a hill for the purpose of diverting surface runoff.

Ephemeral Stream B Water courses generally with a defined channel, but without banks, that flow only during or just after rainstorms or snow melts.

Erosion B The process by which soil particles are detached, and transported by water, and gravity to some down-slope, or down-stream deposition point.

Felling B The process of severing trees from the ground and leaving a stump.

Fill Slope B The surface area formed where soil is deposited to build a road or trail.

Fireline B A barrier used to stop or contain a wildfire or control burn. Usually constructed by use of bulldozer by which the fuel is removed down to mineral soil.

Forest Chemicals B Chemical substances or formulations that include fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, repellants, and other pesticides.

Forest Land B Land bearing forest growth, or land from which the forest has been removed, and is in any stage of forest growth, or production, or maintains the potential for forest growth.

Forest Road B An access route for vehicles into forestland.

Furrowing B A site preparation method involving plowing a trench in preparation for reforestation.

Geotextile B A synthetic fabric utilized in soil stabilization and reinforcement of roads and streambeds.

Geoweb B Artificial geotextile structure of modular cells for stabilizing stream beds.

Grade B The slope of a road or trail, expressed as a percent.

Harvesting B The felling, loading, and transportation of forest products.

Herbicide B Any chemical substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate the growth of any tree, bush, weed, or algae (and other aquatic weeds).

Landing B A location where felled logs are skidded to and assembled for temporary storage, loading, and subsequent transportation.

Logging B The felling and transportation of trees from the forest to a delivery location.

Logging Slash B The unused portions of woody material that remain as forest residue after logging.

Mulching B Providing any loose covering for exposed forest soil, using organic residue, such as grass, straw, or wood fibers to protect exposed soil, enhance revegetation, and help control erosion.

Nonpoint Source Pollution B Pollution which is (1) materials such as chemicals, nutrients, and soil carried into water bodies by precipitation, seepage, percolation, and runoff; (2) not traceable to any discrete or identifiable point source; and (3) controllable through the implementation of BMPs.

Nutrients B Mineral elements in the forest ecosystem such as nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium usually in soluble compounds that are present naturally, or may be added to the forest environment as forest chemicals, such as fertilizer.

Ordinary High Water Mark B The mark on the shores of all waters, which will be found by examining the beds, and banks, and ascertaining where the presence, and action of waters are so common, and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a distinct character.

Pesticides B Any herbicide, insecticide, rodenticide, or fungicide including non-toxic repellents or other chemicals.

Raking B Raking is an operation in which debris and vegetation is removed from the site through windrowing or piling. Tooth-type root rakes will be favored over straight and KG blades for raking and piling. Minimize top soil removal and displacement when piling.

Revegetate B To cover bare mineral soil with plant re-growth. In BMP application, this refers to the expeditious establishment of grasses to minimize soil erosion.

Rip Rap B Aggregate placed on erodible sites to reduce the impact of rain or surface runoff on these areas.

Rutting B Depressions made by the tires or tracks of equipment such as skidders, log trucks, pickups, etc. usually under wet conditions.

Scarify B To break up the forest floor and topsoil preparatory to natural or direct seeding, or planting of seedlings.

Sediment B Soil particles that have been detached and transported into water during erosion.

Shearing B A site preparation method which involves cutting brush, trees, and other vegetation at the ground line using tractors equipped with angle, or V-shaped cutting blades.

Sheet Flow B Runoff from a rainfall event intense enough to cause direct overland flow prior to entry to a receiving stream.

Sidecast B The material or the act of moving excavated material to the side and depositing such material laterally to the line of movement of the excavating machine.

Silvicultural Activities B All forest management activities, including intermediate cutting, cultural practice, harvest, log transport and forest road construction.

Site Preparation B Removing unwanted vegetation and other material when necessary and soil preparation carried out before reforestation.

Skid Trail B A route over which logs are moved, usually dragged by a skidder, to a setting (landing) or truck loading zone.

Slope B The steepness of the land expressed as the amount (in percent) of vertical fall per 100 ft. of horizontal run. For example, a 3 percent slope means that over a distance of 100 ft., the ground drops 3 ft. from the horizontal.

Streamside Management Zone (SMZ) B A strip of land immediately adjacent to waterbodies where timber management activities are designed to protect water quality.

Subsoiling B or Aripping@, is a method for conditioning compacted soils, hard pans, and plow pans. Subsoiling is a Arow@ type activity and should be performed on contour.

Turnout B (1.) A widened space in a road to allow vehicles to pass one another. (2.) A drainage ditch which drains water away from roads.

Walkout B Onsite inspection by foot of the entire area under silvicultural exam and activity. Often referred to as a closeout.

Waterbar B A hump and water diversion structure for inactive or retired roads, firelines, and trails. Acts to divert surface water runoff into side vegetation. Usually pushed up from earth immediately present along the trail or road to a height of three feet and artificially revegetated to stabilize from long term erosion.

Water Pollution B Contamination or other alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties of any natural waters of the state, or other such discharge of any liquid, gaseous, or solid substance into any waters of the state, as well as, or is likely to create any nuisance, or render such waters harmful, or detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety, or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate, beneficial uses, or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish, or other aquatic life.

Water Turbidity B A measurement of water clarity.

Wetlands B The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as AThose areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.@

Windrow B Slash, residue, and debris raked together into piles or rows normally by use of bulldozers. Part of the mechanical site preparation process that occurs after a forest harvesting activity and before reforestation.

Wing Ditch B A water turnout or diversion ditch constructed to move and disperse water away from the road and side ditches into adjacent undisturbed areas so that the volume and velocity of water is reduced on slopes.

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